I-Tungsten iyi-paramagnetic material, hhayi i-ferromagnetic. I-magnetism yayo ikhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko ama-spins ama-electron kumagobolondo e-electron angagcwalisiwe, kodwa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezikhathi kazibuthe kubuthakathaka, okuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-macroscopic magnetization.
Uma sihlola umhlaba kazibuthe wezinto ezisetshenziswayo, sivamise ukuhlangana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto kazibuthe, njenge-paramagnetism ne-ferromagnetism. Ngakho-ke, hlobo luni lukazibuthe i-tungsten yensimbi eyingxenye yalo?
Okokuqala, sidinga ukucacisa imiqondo eyisisekelo ye-paramagnetism ne-ferromagnetism. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zeParamagnetic izinto lapho, ngaphansi kwendawo kazibuthe esetshenziswayo, izikhathi zikazibuthe zama-athomu noma ama-molecule angaphakathi kwento esetshenziswayo ziqondana kancane nesiqondiso senkundla, okuholela kumagnetism obuthaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-Ferromagnetic zinozibuthe oqinile futhi zingakha ngokuzenzakalelayo uzibuthe we-macroscopic lapho ingekho inkambu kazibuthe esetshenziswayo. I-magnetization ibonisa ubudlelwano obungaqondile phakathi kwamandla kazibuthe namandla enkundla.
Ku-metallic element tungsten, izakhiwo zayo kazibuthe ngokuyinhloko ziyi-paramagnetic. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhlelwa kwama-electron ama-athomu e-tungsten kuphumela enanini elithile lamagobolondo e-electron angagcwalisiwe, futhi ama-spin ama-electron kulawa magobolondo angagcwalisiwe angakwazi ukukhiqiza izikhathi kazibuthe. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-ferromagnetic, izikhathi zikazibuthe zama-athomu e-tungsten zisebenzisana ngokubuthakathaka, azikwazi ukwenza isakhiwo esizinzile sesizinda sikazibuthe, ngakho-ke, asinakho uzibuthe obalulekile we-macroscopic. Ngaphansi kwethonya lenkambu kazibuthe yangaphandle, izikhathi zikazibuthe ze-tungsten ziqondana kancane nesiqondiso senkambu, okuholela kumphumela obuthakathaka we-paramagnetic.
Ukuthola ukuqonda okujulile kwezakhiwo ze-tungsten paramagnetic, singahlola izici ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuhlelwa kwe-Electron kanye ne-Magnetic Moment Generation
Njengensimbi yoguquko, i-tungsten inohlelo lwe-electron oluyinkimbinkimbi. Kumagobolondo e-electron agcwaliswe kancane, ama-spins ama-electron akhiqiza izikhathi kazibuthe. Lezi zikhathi ziyaphazamiseka uma ingekho inkambu kazibuthe yangaphandle, kodwa uma isisetshenziswa kazibuthe, ziqondaniswa kancane amandla kazibuthe.
2. Ukusebenzisana Phakathi Kwezikhathi Zezibuthe
Nakuba ama-athomu e-tungsten enezikhathi kazibuthe, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezikhathi zawo kubuthakathaka. Lokhu kuphambene kakhulu nesakhiwo sesizinda kazibuthe esisebenzisana kakhulu ezintweni ze-ferromagnetic. Kuzinto ze-ferromagnetic, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezizinda kazibuthe eziseduze kungaholela kumagnetism ebalulekile entweni. Kodwa-ke, i-tungsten ayikwazi ukwakha isakhiwo sesizinda sikazibuthe esifanayo ngenxa yokusebenzisana okubuthakathaka phakathi kwezikhathi zayo kazibuthe.
3. Ukuziphatha kweMagnetic yeMacroscopic
Ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezikhathi zikazibuthe ze-tungsten kubuthakathaka futhi akukwazi ukwenza uzibuthe we-macroscopic, kubonisa kuphela umphumela we-paramagnetic obuthakathaka ngaphansi kwendawo kazibuthe esetshenziswayo. Lo mphumela awubalulekile uma uqhathaniswa nozibuthe oqinile oboniswa izinto ze-ferromagnetic.
